Linux Networking Capabilities Essays - Memory Management

Linux Networking Capabilities Linux is a Unix clone written from scratch by Linus Torvalds with assistance from a loosely-knit team of hackers across the Net. It aims towards POSIX compliance. It has all the features expected in a modern fully-fledged Unix, including true multitasking, virtual memory, shared libraries, demand loading, shared copy-on-write executables, proper memory management and TCP/IP networking. It runs mainly on 386/486/586-based PCs, using the hardware facilities of the 386-processor family to implement these features. Ports to other architectures are underway. Linux is freely available, and no one is required to register their copies with any central authority, so it is difficult to know how many people use Linux. Several businesses are now surviving solely on selling and supporting Linux, and very few Linux users use those businesses, relatively speaking, and the Linux newsgroups are some of the most heavily read on the internet, so the number is likely in the hundreds of thousands, but hard numbers are hard to come by. Linux Features Multitasking. Several programs running at once. Multiuser. Several users on the same machine at once. Two-user licenses are not possible. Multiplatform. Runs on many different CPUs, not just Intel. Multiprocessor. SMP support is available on the Intel and SPARC platforms (with work currently in progress on other platforms), and Linux is used in several loosely-coupled MP applications, including Beowulf systems and the Fujitsu AP1000+ SPARC-based supercomputer. Runs in protected mode on the 386. Memory protection between processes. So that one program can't bring the whole system down. Demand loads executables. Linux only reads from disk those parts of a program that are actually used. Shared copy-on-write pages among executables. This means that multiple process can use the same memory to run in. When one tries to write to that memory, that page (4KB piece of memory) is copied somewhere else. Copy-on-write has two benefits: increasing speed and decreasing memory use. Virtual memory using paging (not swapping whole processes) to disk. To a separate partition or a file in the filesystem, or both, with the possibility of adding more swapping areas during runtime. A total of 16 of these 128 MB swapping areas can be used at once, for a theoretical total of 2 GB of useable swap space. It is simple to increase this if necessary, by changing a few lines of source code. Unified memory pool for user programs and disk cache. So that all free memory can be used for caching, and the cache can be reduced when running large programs. Dynamically linked shared libraries (DLL's) and static libraries. Does core dumps for post-mortem analysis. Allowing the use of a debugger on a program not only while it is running but also after it has crashed. Mostly compatible with POSIX, System V, and BSD at the source level. Mostly compatible with SCO, SVR3, and SVR4 at the binary level. Through an iBCS2-compliant emulation module. All source code is available. Including the whole kernel and all drivers, the development tools and all user programs; also, all of it is freely distributable. Plenty of commercial programs are being provided for Linux without source, but everything that has been free, including the entire base operating system, is still free. POSIX job control. Pseudoterminals (pty's). 387-emulation in the kernel. So that programs don't need to do their own math emulation. Every computer running Linux appears to have a math coprocessor. Of course, if your computer already contains an FPU, it will be used instead of the emulation, and you can even compile your own kernel with math emulation removed, for a small memory gain. Support for many national or customized keyboards. It is fairly easy to add new ones dynamically. Multiple virtual consoles. Several i Computers and Internet

Case Brief Essay Example

Case Brief Essay Example Case Brief Essay Case Brief Essay Phillip Rimmer Case Brief 10/24/10 1. Citation United States v. Collier, Jr. 29 M. J. 365 (1990) 2. Parties. United States, Appellee Sergeant William H. Collier, Jr. , United States Army, Appellant 3. Facts 1. The court of Military Review affirmed the findings and sentence. 2. The court of Military Review misapplied the test established by United States v. Brenizer, 20 M. J. 78 (CMA 1985) 3. Prosecution fails to properly utilize procedures to introduce evidence. 4. Prior Proceedings/ Procedural History 25th Infantry Division (Light) Special Court Martial, Convicted in violation of Articles 86, 91, 92 of the UMCJ, 10 U. S. C.  §Ã‚ § 886,891 and 892 (1982) United States v. Collier, Jr. , 27 M. J. 806 (A. C. M. R. 1988), which affirms conviction of the Special Court Martial. 5. Issue (s) 1. Admissibility to evidence of prior convictions. a. Did the lower court follow the legal guidelines of Mil R. Evid. 405(b) 6. Holdings This court holds that charges 1 and 2 and the sentences within the stated charges are reversed. The findings of guilty, to charges 1 and 2 are set aside. For charge 3 it is remanded back to the Court of Military Review. 7. Reasoning This court questions the reasoning of the lower courts. The main issue the court address is that of the evidence that was admitted by the lower courts. With that main issue there are sub-issues that are also addressed. The lower court misapplies the rule that test the admissibility of evidence. Even with the instruction form the judge the members of the court could use the information for an improper purpose. Under Mil. R. Evid 404(b) evidence is not admissible to prove the character of the accused. Under Mil. R. Evid. 609 a prior conviction offered for impeachment must be introduced by cross-examination or by extrinsic evidence. By allowing this evidence there is no evidence that there is an effect on charge 3. By allowing this wrongfully admitted evidence it opens the door to a prejudice effect in which concludes that charges 1 and 2 be vacated and charge 3 remanded for further actions. 8. Disposition Vacated, failure to go and willful disobedience convictions Affirmed dereliction of duty Remanded 9. Analysis Since there might be a prejudicial effect I would agree that the charges that may be affected be dismissed without prejudice. The other charge I agree that it should be remanded with instructions.

East India Company - History of Britain

East India Company - History of Britain The East India Company was a private company which, after a long series of wars and diplomatic efforts, came to rule India in the 19th century. Chartered by Queen Elizabeth I on December 31, 1600, the original company comprised a group of London merchants who hoped to trade for spices at islands in present day Indonesia. Ships of the companys first voyage sailed from England in February 1601. After a series of conflicts with Dutch and Portuguese traders active in the Spice Islands, the East India Company concentrated its efforts on trading on the Indian subcontinent. The East India Company Began to Focus on Importing From India In the early 1600s the East India Company began dealing with the Mogul rulers of India. On the Indian coasts, English traders set up outposts which would eventually become the cities of Bombay, Madras, and Calcutta. Numerous products, including silk, cotton, sugar, tea, and opium, began to be exported out of India. In return, English goods, including wool, silver, and other metals, were shipped to India. The company found itself having to hire its own armies to defend trading posts. And over time what began as a commercial enterprise also became a military and diplomatic organization. British Influence Spread Across India in the 1700s In the early 1700s the Mogul Empire was collapsing, and various invaders, including Persians and Afghans, entered India. But the major threat to British interests came from the French, who began seizing British trading posts. At the Battle of Plassey, in 1757, forces of the East India Company, though greatly outnumbered, defeated Indian forces backed by the French. The British, led by Robert Clive, had successfully checked the French incursions. And the company took possession of Bengal, an important region of northeastern India, which greatly increased the companys holdings. In the late 1700s, company officials became notorious for returning to England and showing off the enormous wealth they had accumulated while in India. They were referred to as nabobs, which was the English pronunciation of nawab, the word for a Mogul leader. Alarmed by reports of enormous corruption in India, the British government began to take some control over company affairs. The government began appointing the companys highest official, the governor-general. The first man to hold the governor-general position, Warren Hastings, was eventually impeached when members of Parliament became resentful at the economic excesses of the nabobs. The East India Company In the Early 1800s The successor to Hastings, Lord Cornwallis (who is remembered in America for having surrendered to George Washington during his military service in the American War of Independence) served as governor-general from 1786 to 1793. Cornwallis set a pattern which would be followed for years, instituting reforms and rooting out the corruption which allowed employees of the company to amass great personal fortunes. Richard Wellesley, who served as governor general in India from 1798 to 1805 was instrumental in extending the rule of the company in India. He ordered the invasion and acquisition of Mysore in 1799. And the first decades of the 19th century became an era of military successes and territorial acquisitions for the company. In 1833 the Government of India act enacted by Parliament actually ended the companys trading business, and the company essentially became the de facto government in India. In the late 1840s and 1850s the governor-general of India, Lord Dalhousie, began to utilize a policy known as the doctrine of lapse to acquire territory. The policy held that if an Indian ruler died without an heir, or was known to be incompetent, the British could take the territory. The British expanded their territory, and their income, by using the doctrine. But it was seen as illegitimate by the Indian population and led to discord. Religious Discord Led to the 1857 Sepoy Mutiny Throughout the 1830s and 1840s tensions increased between the company and the Indian population. In addition to acquisitions of land by the British causing widespread resentment, there were many problems centered on issues of religion. A number of Christian missionaries had been allowed into India by the East India Company. And the native population started to become convinced that the British intended to convert the entire Indian subcontinent to Christianity. In the late 1850s the introduction of a new type of cartridge for the Enfield rifle became a focal point. The cartridges were wrapped in paper which had been coated with grease, so as to make it easier to slide the cartridge down a rifle barrel. Among the native soldiers employed by the company, who were known as sepoys, rumors spread that the grease used in manufacturing the cartridges was derived from cows and pigs. As those animals were forbidden to Hindus and Muslims, there were even suspicions that the British purposely intended to undermine the religions of the Indian population. Outrage over the use of grease, and a refusal to use the new rifle cartridges, led to the bloody Sepoy Mutiny in the spring and summer of 1857. The outbreak of violence, which was also known as the Indian Revolt of 1857, effectively brought about the end of the East India Company. Following the uprising in India, the British government dissolved the company. Parliament passed the Government of India Act of 1858, which ended the companys role in India and declared that India would be governed by the British crown. The companys impressive headquarters in London, East India House, was torn down in 1861. In 1876 Queen Victoria would declare herself Empress of India. And the British would retain control of India until independence was achieved in the late 1940s.

CSR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

CSR - Essay Example This report explores corporate social responsibility in different organizational and national contexts focusing on its six core characteristics, theoretical avenues and the diversity of theoretical concepts in CSR. With a firm foundation and understanding of CSR, the final section focuses on Nike’s current strategic approaches to fulfilling their responsibility to the public. Upon evaluating this, there are recommendations on how Nike could develop their overall CSR strategy for better results. Corporate Social Responsibility, Core Characteristics and Theoretical Avenues Today Due to multiple advancements in technology and the corporate world, CSR is an important facilitator of attaining organizational objectives, and vision for the stakeholders. Nonetheless, there are factors that companies still neglect such as improvement of workers, the public and the external settings of the organization. Definitely, these factors require extended attention since they are among the core determinants of the CSR policies and programs’ success according to the multiple stakeholder orientation and internalizing or managing externalities characteristics. The CSR concept helps an organization have an impact on the external environments and the community overcoming segregation and focusing on the economic bodies; however, the concept works when the societal and virtuous aspects of the corporation are not among the core determinants of CSR development (Agarwal, 2013). Initially, corporations used CSR as a tool for competition with the core objectives revolving around market dominance, extended financial gains and survival over the rest of the competition as opposed to the alignment of social and economic responsibilities concept that integrates profitability and corporate social responsibility. However, through vast studies and debate on the CSR topic, the corporate world has developed with most of the companies focusing on how their business can have significance in the

What roles did faith and reason play in the intellectual life of the Research Paper

What roles did faith and reason play in the intellectual life of the Middle Ages - Research Paper Example With this, the paper will explore the concept between faith and reason and how they contributed to the development of knowledge has been studied. With outcomes gathered from the said exploration, this paper came with the conclusion that not only did faith and reason function as a harmonious duo during the medieval era, both also needed each other in the first place to prosper and contribute to the intellectual life modern society is enjoying today. The Middle Ages is a timeline collection of many developments. Specifically, it was both a dark and colorful combination of social reconstruction, formed conflicts in the foreign landscape and the revolution and optimization of many different aspects in the society (â€Å"British History: Middle Ages†). Nevertheless, despite the bombardment of many occurrences, one important point of study regarding this period in history is the status of the time’s intellectual life. The construct that makes this a worthy object of attention lies in two molding factors—faith and reason. These two is said to have governed the intellectual presence of the middle ages. The main purpose of this paper then seeks to uncover what roles did faith and reason play in the medieval times that produced the level of intellectual outcome that defined the Middle Ages. Faith and the Medieval Times The discussion of the middle ages, as a point in history, is oftentimes associated with the prosperity of the Christian faith and its consequent contribution in the development of today’s theological thinking. Given that this particular faith is not shared by all of members of today’s population, the interpretation of the Middle Ages in relation to faith differs across academics, critics, historians, and the like. This difference can be considered as a problematic factor in the study of that point in history. The phenomenons where interpretive analysis of the medieval times has differed in extremes have been properly ackn owledged with a term. As per the work of Van Engen, the Christian Middle Ages could be considered as a â€Å"historiographical problem† (519). For others like Gilson, and similarly with that of Brown, focus of the work on the specific point in time has been devoted to attributing the full development of Christianity and the total characteristic of the faith during the middle ages. The bottom-line with this particular focus is that Christianity has played a major role during that time--affecting many aspects of societal life. Listening to Reason in the Middle Ages On a similar stance, reason during the Middle Ages has also been given an equal amount of attention by scholars and academics alike. The work of Alexander Murray has vastly tackled how reason affected the society during the given period. More importantly, the particular work has contrasted itself to be another definition of the medieval ages. Whereas the period was prominently known to be an era of faith due to its c entralization of Christianity, Murray has also given emphasis that reason also governed the said stage (page number). The work of Edward Grant has supported the previous author’s contention as he set his focus on the reason-oriented developments of the Middle Ages (1). In so doing, Grant have detailed that it was during the Middle Ages that the pillars of today’s politics and government have taken the form. Particularly, the emergence of â€Å"the nation state, parliaments, [and] democracy† (1) during the time could be viewed as the source of development for the governance of present day nations. Moreover, it was also during the same stage that foundations of commerce and banking have been established. However, if these achievements be tallied, the

Emotional relationship Essay Example for Free

Emotional relationship Essay In this essay I will be looking at two theories of attachment, an intense emotional relationship enduring over time and in which prolonged separation is accompanied by stress and sorrow (Kagan et al 1982). I will also attempt to evaluate the statement from Bowlby 58, where he says that Mother love in infancy is as important for mental health as are vitamins and protein for physical health. The two attachment theories I will be looking at are Bowlbys 1953 Monotrophy Theory and Freuds Psychoanalytical Theory. Bowlby initially argued that attachment is an adaptive behaviour due to the human instinct to survive. Infants are born with a predisposition to survive and therefore have to form an attachment in order to gain food, warmth and protection etc. In order for this interaction to take place, the infant is born with Innate Social Releasers that prompt care-giving from the parent through releasers such as crying and cooing etc. Infants also need to form attachments in order to have a secure base from which to explore the world around them. This can be seen in securely attached infants, who are happy to explore an unfamiliar room, as long as the person with whom they have their primary bond is present (Strange Situation- Ainsworth and Bell 1970). Bowlby described this primary bond as Monotrophy, meaning turning towards one person. He recognised that this bond doesnt always form with the biological mother, just the primary care giver. Adults also have a predisposition to care and be responsive to their offspring, as the survival of the infant into adulthood ensures the continuation of their genetic line. Therefore the have an innate response to the infants social releasers. Bowlby suggested that infants have a Critical Period, up to 2 1/2 years, for attachments to form. If attachments were not made by this age, it would not be possible for the child to form any attachment and the child would suffer long-term, permanent emotional damage, particularly in the formation of lasting adult relationships. This is due to the Internal Working Model according to Bowlby and later by Bretherton and Waters (1985) who said that secure children have developed a positive working model of themselves, based on their feelings of security derived from having a sensitive, emotionally responsive and supportive primary care-giver. It is therefore said that avoidant children have a rejecting, unresponsive caregiver, resulting in a negative working model of themselves. He also developed the Maternal Deprivation Hypothesis, where he claimed that infants who were unable to develop attachments would grow up having problems with relationships and have a higher chance of behavioural disorders. This hypothesis was supported by other psychologists such as Spitz and Wolf (1946) and Robertson and Robertson (1971). An alternative theory of attachment is the Psychosexual theory put forward by Freud. He said there are five stages of development a child goes through: Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency and Genital. The stage that deals with attachment is the oral stage, which occurs from birth to about 18 months. Freud thought that during this time the infant is driven by the Pleasure Principle. This is caused by the development of the Id, the first component of the personality to develop. The Id demands instant gratification and in the oral stage, gratification comes through the mouth. The drive for oral satisfaction is vital at this age as the attention is focused on food and thus, survival. There are three parts to this stage of development: the drive for oral gratification that results in an uncomfortable feeling, so the infant cries. He is then fed, and the drive is reduced and the uncomfortable feeling, hunger, is gone. This is experienced as pleasure. Therefore the attachment is made with the person who offers the gratification and pleasure. Although at first glance, the two theories are very different, when analysed, similarities can be drawn. They both suggest stages the infant must go through in order to develop into a stable adult. Bowlby says that no infantile attachment leads to problems in adult relationships and Freud says that an unsuccessful transition through any of the five stages will result in regression in later life, for example a child with an oral fixation will suck his thumb, chew pen tops and in later life smoke. Both of these points are true to a certain degree, as there as been countless studies about children who have had maternal deprivation in early infancy and grown up into maladjusted adults. However it is difficult to be able to pinpoint exactly what is the cause of an adults maladjusted behaviour as there may be numerous reasons, which cannot be reduced to maternal deprivation alone. One major difference between these theories is that while Bowlby recognises that the primary bond doesnt have to be with the mother, Freuds theory is dependant on the mother or wet nurse. This could lead to implications when trying to apply Freuds theory today, as many infants are not breast-fed at all. Bowlbys theory was very well received in the UK when it was published, as it came just after the second world war, when women were being encouraged to go back to the home and their children, so the men could return to the jobs in the factories etc. His theory gave the government something by which to almost force the women home, as the threat of a maladjusted child, due to your absence, was more than most women wanted to deal with. It was also one of the most important and influential pieces of psychological work of that century.

Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Young Goodman Brown Essay -- Young Goodman Brown

Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Young Goodman Brown   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† captivates the reader through a glimpse of the Puritan church. The story also shows the struggle of good versus evil in the main character Goodman Brown. The role of the Puritan church is crucial in shaping Goodman Brown’s personality and helping the reader understand why he was reluctant to continue his journey.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Puritanism, movement arising within the Church of England in the latter part of the 16th century that sought to purify or reform, that church and establish a middle course between Roman Catholicism and the ideas of the Protestant reformers† (Puritanism 1). The term Puritanism was referred to as an insult that was attached by traditional Anglicans who wished to purify the Church of England. The Encarta Online Encyclopedia states that the term Puritanism has often been used as a term of abuse in a way that does little justice to historical Puritanism. For instance, when a rigid moralism, the condemnation of innocent pleasure, or a religious narrowness is characterized as Puritanical (1). Puritanism was founded on the principles and beliefs of John Calvin, and one of the major ideals they focused on was the doctrine of predestination. Calvin believed that the grace of God was the ticket into Heaven and that his grace could not be earned. God’s gra ce was bestowed upon a select few regardless of what they did to earn it. This doctrine stated that God determines a man’s destiny, whether it be redemption or condemnation, regardless of any worth or merit on the person’s part.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Great pains were taken to warn members and especially children of the dangers of the world. Religiously motivated, they were exceptional in their time for their interest in the education of their children. Reading the Bible was necessary to giving the righteous life. Three diversions were banned in the Puritan society: drama, religious music, and erotic poetry. They believed that these led to immorality. Music in worship created a dreamy state which was not conducive to listening to God.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Each Puritan congregation was to be individually responsible to God, as was each person. The New Testament was their model, and their devotion so great that permeated their entire society. People opposing theological views were asked to leave the community or to be converted. Their... ...heir followers to doubt themselves and their community so much that a reality in which one could achieve grace did not exist. Hawthorne describe this mindset in the story of Goodman Brown. Hawthorne loaded the story with tones of references to the Puritan religion. Works Cited Campbell, Donna M. â€Å"Puritanism in New England.† Literary Movements (2002).Hill Center Lab, Kentucky State University. 1 July 2002.   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.gonzaga.edu/faculty/campbell/en1310/purdef.html Dudley. William, and Teresa O’Neill, Eds. Puritanism: Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego:  Greenhaven Press, Inc. 1994. Feldmeth, Greg D. â€Å"US History Resources†. 29 June 2002.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://home.earthlink.net/~gfeldmeth/USHistory.html Hawthorne, Nathaniel. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†. Literature and the Writing Process.   Elizabeth McMahan, Susan X Day, and Robert Funk. 6th ed. Upper Saddle River: Prentice, 2002. â€Å"Puritanism†. Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia Deluxe (2002). Internet Explorer.  Ã‚  1 July 2002. Keyword: Puritanism. Wilson, John F. â€Å"Puritans†. Discovery Channel School.2002. World Book Online. 29 June 2002. http://www.discovery school.com/homeworkhelp/worldbook/atozhisotry/p1452140.html

Hard Times Essay

Firstly, Dickens’ crude choice of names for the characters reveals much about their individual personalities. ‘Gradgrind’, the schoolteacher, epitomises Dickens’ disapproval of his contemporary educational system, which was based on the principle that ‘facts are knowledge’. The name metaphorically suggests that he is grinding down his pupils’ imagination and replacing it with facts in their memory. The name also holds connotations of the gradual, repetitive motion of grinding which mirrors the dull, repetitive manner in which he teaches his pupils. Also, the name ‘Gradgrind’ is composed of hard sounding syllables, giving the impression he has an unfriendly nature and is unapproachable. Gradgrind’s bland name suggests that he himself has been ground down by the nature of the society he now promotes. ‘The M’Choakumchild school’ emphasises the hated impression of school in the nineteenth century. Corporal punishment is frequently seen in Dickens’ contemporary schools and here, the name holds exaggerated implications, to the extent of death. He refers to the school as ‘all fact’, showing that the next generation were brought up to be identical to the last. The children are being made into a product of fact, strongly linking with the theme of industrialisation. The school headmaster’s name, ‘M’Choakumchild’, suggests a lot about his character, especially given his position at the school. The name links with the theme of fact and fancy strongly by implying that the children’s imagination was choked. Although the name ‘Mr M’Choakumchild’ suggests that children were forbidden to use their imagination, at the same time it sounds as if children made it up. Mr Bounderby believes himself to be morally superior to the inhabitants of Coketown who stand below his social status. However, Dickens portrays him as a hypocrite and although he is of a high social status, he is morally corrupt. Bounderby is representative of all men of his social status at that time, and through him Dickens’ reveals an obvious opposition to such people. Coketown is portrayed as an unwelcoming, unfriendly place. Dickens uses numerous vivid images to create this impression: ‘it was a town of unnatural red and black like the painted face of a savage. ‘ This image holds implications of hostility and unwelcoming territory. It suggests a vicious nature to the town, suggesting that those who live there are primitive and old fashioned. The use of personification brings the town to life, giving it the intimidating characteristics of a ‘savage’.

Which Edward Thomas Presents Feelings About Death in ‘Rain’

â€Å"Remembering again that I shall die† Discuss ways in which Thomas presents feelings about death in ‘Rain’ The oblivion of nothing is accepted by Edward Thomas as he contemplates over the nature of both life and death. Aside, Thomas’ usual theme of preserving England’s nature a theme of isolation, darkness and melancholy takes over in ‘Rain’ and was, understandably, common within poets around the First World War. In particular Thomas’ collection is reflective of the work by Thomas Hardy and Wilfred Owen.Introspection of Thomas’ own death is portrayed in ‘Rain’ and ‘The Glory’. Thomas is particularly affected by the contemplation of the effects of war due to the brutality and inhumanity. Words such as ‘broken’, ‘pain’, ‘solitary’ are used through the poem, ‘Rain’, and the repetition of these melancholic words exemplify his introspection of deat h, particularly his own, which further evokes sympathy as we identify his mental suffering due to the work of war.Similarly in ‘Aspens’ the absence of humanity due to the war is exposed through the portrayal of emptiness from the use of the simile ‘empty as sky’, which emphasises the emptiness as so vast it is overpowering. This suggests Thomas contemplates his significance as an individual in the war. Emptiness is also a theme in the poem ‘As the Team’s Head Brass’ where a conversational tone conveys the effects the war has had on a farm. Thomas seems to accept the oblivion of nothing and the idea of love and death becomes a psychological theory.Thanatos is the motivation or desire to escape and therefore this completion of oblivion seems to conclude the poem. Further the ‘tempest’ brought Thomas a vision of nature of both life and death as it ‘tells me [him]’ and gives him a glimpse of death, which is at once a ‘bleak’ sense of consolidation. The epiphany that Thomas experiences gives this sense of awareness of mortality and the value of life. The oblivion of death is contrasted with the gift of life as Thomas describes himself as ‘helpless among the living and the dead’, which shows his introspection of his personal significance in the world.Although similar poets the World War 1 era looked at the effects of war all poets revealed different perspectives. In ‘The Solider’ by Rupert Brooke the poet looks at his own significance of his life after death by asking the reader to think of ‘forever England’, unchanged and undamaged, ‘if I [he] should die’ rather than contemplating the negative side of death unlike Thomas does so in ‘Rain’. A further contrast to make would be with Wilfred Owen’s ‘Dulce et Decorum Est’ as it reveals the horror of war and the deaths of soldiers, rather than looking at his own suffering and death.Another comparison to make is with the poem ‘A Man I Killed’ by Thomas Hardy who identifies not what war does to the villages back home but what war does to the soldier. His introspection of his actions suggest his guilt and shame of killing a man who, if ‘met where any bar is’, would be a simple friend. This is complimented by the suggestion of the analogy between ‘broken reeds’ and broken men as a result of the war within the poem ‘Rain’. Thomas further expresses his identification of death through the structure of the poem.Particularly his experimentation of spondee and iambic pentameter is used to show the continuity of the rainfall and perhaps reflects the sense of infinite damage due to the war and vulnerability for soldiers in the war, including the exposure of Thomas’ life. Further, the use of blank verse conveys Thomas’ thought process as unremitting and overwhelming thus suggesti ng that Thomas is incessantly contemplating the oblivion of death and the value of life. Specifically, the use of enjambment present in the first 6 lines conveys the flow of Thomas’ thought process and his contemplation of the value of life and the reality of his mortality.In comparison, the 18 line unbroken stanza that forms ‘Tears’ by Thomas is appropriate in connection to the content of the poem where a sense of continuity allows the reader to identify the suitability of free verse as it reflects Thomas’ thought process. In further contrast, the familiarity of iambic pentameter and the repetition in the stresses of the line mimics the rhythm of the conversation as it lacks dynamism, which therefore conveys the emptiness of the field. Thomas contemplates death as inevitable within ‘Rain’ and introspects how it affects him as an individual and as a soldier.The simile ‘like a cold water among broken reeds’ suggests Thomas pictures those in trenches, possibly including himself, as being ‘like a cold water’. In other words, ruined by guns and changed through the sin of killing. Melancholy is a major theme in this poem shown through words such as ‘helpless’, ‘solitude, ‘pain’, which further portrays the presentation of death from Thomas’ perspective. His personal introspection is reinforced from the use of first person narrative and his deep thought process, which allows the reader to identify his with his misery and understand his contemplation further.

Concept Of Collaborative Working Social Work Essay Essays

Concept Of Collaborative Working Social Work Essay Essays Concept Of Collaborative Working Social Work Essay Essay Concept Of Collaborative Working Social Work Essay Essay Social Work is at an of import phase in its development as a profession non merely in the United Kingdom but around the universe. All professions must be antiphonal and proactive to altering societal and economic climes and conditions if they are to run into the demands of the people they are functioning. It is indispensable for Social Workers to be able to rehearse in conformity with societal work values and to retain a clear professional individuality, and at the same clip to be able to work efficaciously with other professional groups and bureaus. Although there are many footings used to depict working together with other professions such as joint working, inter-professional working, multi-disciplinary working and inter-agency working the term presently used by the Department of Health publications is collaborative pattern ( Whittington 2003b ) . New ways of working that crossed professional boundaries had to be created, in order to let a more flexible attack to care bringing ( Malin et al, 2002 ) . Collaboration in wellness and societal attention is a comparatively new field of survey, with the first major surveies being undertaken in the 1980s ( Roy, 2001 ) . In wellness and societal attention collaborative working is frequently referred to as Inter-professional working, as it is non merely about professionals working together. The patients, clients or service users are a cardinal portion of the squad. At its simplest the construct of coaction infers that people from different professional and academic backgrounds form a working relationship for the intent of enhanced service proviso. However, the exact nature of the partnership is likely to be contested, whilst to the full incorporate joined-up collaborative pattern has so far proven elusive. Effective communicating is an indispensable constituent of the traditional societal work functions and duties. It is hence every bit necessary for societal workers to besides hold effectual communicating accomplishments if they are to advance self-help and authorization to those whom they are supplying a service for. Lishman ( 1994 ) reminds us that attention directors and suppliers will hold to utilize a scope of communicating and interpersonal accomplishments if community attention is truly to intend attention, pick and authorization of others. Collaborative working implies: witting interaction between the parties to accomplish a common end ( Meads A ; Ashcroft, 2005 ) . It recognises both difference A ; similarity. Collaboration is a procedure by which members of different subjects portion their accomplishments and expertness to supply a better quality service to patients, clients or service users ( Hughes, Hemingway A ; Smith, 2005 ) . The sharing of information agencies both acquiring information and giving it. The act of deriving information in Social Work is an indispensable undertaking the information gained can be used for legion intents such as: Making an appraisal of demand or hazard Writing a study Planing an intercession To warrant obtaining resource The something or benefit is sometimes called collaborative advantage , and it can be seen as the fuel of collaborative working the greater the possible or existent advantage gained by all parties, the greater the degrees of energy fuelling the coaction. Harmonizing to Wilson ( 2008 ) and Hughes, Hemmingway A ; Smith ( 2005 ) inter-professional and collaborative working means sing the service user in a holistic manner, and it benefits the service user when different administrations, such as Social Workers, District Nurses, Occupational Therapists and other wellness professionals come together to supply a better service. These definitions describe collaborative working as the act of people working together toward common ends. Integrated working involves seting the service user at the centre of determination doing to run into their demands and better their lives ( Dept. Health, 2009 ) . Effective coaction and interaction will hold positive results within a on the job environment for both the squads working together and the service user. Agencies should be encouraged to portion information to guarantee that all demands of the service users are met but besides to guarantee the safety of the service user and the other squads involved. Caring for People ( Dept. Health, 1989 ) stated that successful coaction required a clear, common apprehension by every bureau of each other s duties and powers, in order to do kick how and with whom coaction should be secured. The authorities has been advancing inter-agency and collaborative working since the late 80 s which besides saw a alteration in the policies set Forth by the authoritiess and a legislative background was created to advance self-collaboration between companies. The declared purpose has been to create high quality, needs-led, coordinated services that maximised pick for the service user. ( Payne, 1995 ) . Recent events and media calls have focused collaborative working entirely on Social Work every bit stated in Pollard, Sellman A ; Senior ( 2005 ) and when viewed as a good thing , it is worthwhile to critically analyze its benefits and drawbacks. ( Leathard, 2003 ) . The old authorities set away programs to overhaul the Social Services every bit good as update the NHS. A clear indicant of this can be found in NHS Plan ( Dept. Health, 2000 ) and Overhauling the Social Services ( Dept. Health, 1998a ) . This was non in fact a new program it was portion of a turning accent stemming from the 1970s. The decease of Maria Coldwell in 1974 meant there were inquiries asked why professionals were non able to protect kids who they had identified as most at hazard. The Cleveland Inquiry 1988 resulted in the direct antonym of 1974 when the methods of the Social Services were deemed excessively rigorous and over powering, it was deemed that kids were removed from their households when there was little concrete grounds of injury or maltreatment ( Butler-Sloss, 1988 ) , with excessively much accent put on the medical sentiment. The old authorities set away programs to overhaul the Social Services every bit good as update the NHS. A clear indicant of this can be found in NHS Plan ( Dept. Health, 2000 ) and Overhauling the Social Services ( Dept. Health, 1998a ) . This was non in fact a new program it was portion of a turning accent stemming from the 1970s. The decease of Maria Coldwell in 1974 meant there were inquiries asked why professionals were non able to protect kids who they had identified as most at hazard. The Cleveland Inquiry 1988 resulted in the direct antonym of 1974 when the methods of the Social Services were deemed excessively rigorous and over powering, it was deemed that kids were removed from their households when there was little concrete grounds of injury or maltreatment ( Butler-Sloss, 1988 ) , with excessively much accent put on the medical sentiment. The Munro Report ( 2010 ) stated that other service bureaus can non and should non replace Social Worker s, but there is a demand for bureaus to prosecute professionally about kids, immature people and households on their caseloads. The Children s Act 2004 was introduced after the public enquiry into the decease of Victoria Climbie in 2000 ; the same public enquiry besides resulted in the Every Child Matters motion. The failure to join forces efficaciously was highlighted as one of many missed chances by the enquiry into the tragic decease of Victoria Climbie ( Laming, 2003 ) and Baby Peter ( Munro, 2010 ) . Expressing what you all want to accomplish in clear, outcomes-oriented linguistic communication, and being able to continually recheck those results as your work together returns, is the individual most of import key to successful coaction. However, it is really rather hard to show results in ways that are unambiguous and clearly understood by all of the possible or existent confederates. The quality of communicating is critical. Poor communicating is frequently behind many of the differences that threaten to procrastinate collaborative working relationships. Clear lines of communicating demand to be established across the establishments that make up a pool to guarantee everyone is cognizant of and is able to transport out the recognized policies and processs. Accountabilities, in peculiar, should be good defined. Engagement and engagement of service user is besides critical in the Social Work field. This after all is the chief donee of the collaborative on the job strategy and your end as a Social Worker is to run into their demands and ends. If you show the service user regard they excessively will give you a common regard which will let the Social Workers and other elements of the collaborative squad to accomplish their common ends. However donees do non hold to be cognizant that an activity is being delivered in partnership for the partnership to be successful. Regular reappraisals and users feedback can assist mensurate its impact. Collaborative advantage will be achieved when something remarkably originative is produced possibly an aim is met that no administration could hold produced on its ain and when each administration, through coaction, is able to accomplish its ain aims better than it could entirely . ( Huxham, 1996 ) . Huxham was demoing that coaction will work when it is done decently, and when we as Social Workers put aside any biass that are under lying in our working outlook and besides our personal outlook, we will work good with other Fieldss and patterns to organize a more efficient and organized service. By larning with, from and about one another practicians can understand several functions and duties, generate common trust, beef up relationships and better collaborative pattern ( Barr et al 2005 ) . To summarize and reason the development of collaborative working will doubtless necessitate a alteration in civilization and values amongst wellness and societal attention professionals ; nevertheless it is working and developing rapidly and for the better of non merely the collaborating bureaus but besides for the service users.

Example Sentences of the Verb Break

Example Sentences of the Verb Break This page provides example sentences of the verb break in all tenses including active and passive forms, as well as conditional and modal forms. Base Form break / Past Simple broke / Past Participle broken / Gerund breaking Present Simple Some glass breaks easily. Present Simple Passive This toy is often broken by children. Present Continuous He is breaking into his new job well. Present Continuous Passive The house is being broken into! Call the police! Present Perfect He has broken a number of records in his field. Present Perfect Passive That vase has been broken more than four times. Present Perfect Continuous Mary has been breaking open eggs for more than twenty minutes. Past Simple Jack broke that computer last week. Past Simple Passive That computer was broken last week. Past Continuous She was breaking open the champagne as I walked into the room. Past Continuous Passive The champagne was being broken open as I walked into the room. Past Perfect They had already broken into the house when the occupants arrived. Past Perfect Passive The house had already been broken into when the occupants arrived. Past Perfect Continuous She had been breaking open the eggs for twenty minutes before she began making the cake. Future (will) I think he will break that toy. Future (will) Passive That toy will be broken soon! Future (going to) She is going to break that dish! Be Careful! Future (going to) Passive That dish is going to be broken soon. Future Continuous I will be breaking into a new job this time next week. Future Perfect Your vows will have been broken by the time you read this letter. Future Possibility You might break that glass. Real Conditional If you do that, youll break the toy. Unreal Conditional If she broke the vase, her mother would be very angry. Past Unreal Conditional If she hadnt broken that vase, her mother wouldnt have become so angry. Present Modal You must break this glass to get the fire extinguisher. Past Modal Jack must have broken this vase. Hes so clumsy. Quiz: Conjugate With Break Use the verb to break to conjugate the following sentences. Quiz answers are below. In some cases, more than one answer may be correct. Mary _____ open eggs for more than twenty minutes.That computer ______ by Tom last week.I think he _____ that toy.She _____ open the champagne as I walked into the room.He _____ a number of records in his field.The house _____ into! Call the police!If you do that, you _____ the toy.If she _____ that vase, her mother wouldnt have become so angry.Jack _____ that computer last week.Some glass _____ easily. Quiz Answers has been breakingwas brokenwill breakwas breakinghas brokenis being brokenwill breakhadnt brokenbrokebreaks

OB CASE STUDY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

OB CASE STUDY - Essay Example This will be achieved by drawing parallel between the situation that James has found himself in and the principles driving these motivation theories According to McClelland’s theory, each employee has one of the three motivation drivers that are dominant in him or her depending on their personal aspects. Bruce’s main driving force is achievement. He would like recognition of the work he is doing at the hotel and being rewarded for it. Working twelve hours a shift requires a better pay or at least another demand since, according to Adams Equity theory, Money is not the main factor of motivation but recognition and appreciation is. Bruce’s next source of dissatisfaction in the workplace presents itself in the lack of equity in how the hotel treats its employees. Jeanette Smith, a colleague who joined the hotel at the same time as he and with the same qualifications has been sponsored to take HND in the hotel and catering. Bruce was also promised the same sponsorshi p during recruitment, but no follow-up has been made. Worse still, whenever he approaches the supervisor, he is put off using flimsy excuses about being busy or is told to bring the topic up the following year. This is contrary to what is advocated for in Sirota’s three-factor theory. ... This is what makes Bruce bitter. From this incident of sponsoring Jeanette and leaving Bruce out despite the promise made to him during the interview, it is evident that the organisation does not keep its promises and commitments. Theory X/Y as advanced by McGregor classifies such as an organisation in the X class. Organisation in the X class usually withheld likes (the sponsorship) and did not deliver on promises. The organisation is not concerned about the staff welfare and morale and is instead focussed on one goal, which was to reap maximum benefits from the customers. When Bruce was summoned to the HR department, he was informed that ‘the customers were always right’ the implication of this statement is that the organisation does not care about it employees at all and is willing to subject them to all manners of ill treatment if only to make a profit. Another characteristic of theory X organisation and indeed the Ambrose hotel is being poor listener since they did n ot listen to what Bruce had to say about the incidence. This kind of organisations issue threats to get things done, and Bruce was treated no differently. The organisation should have focussed on how to avoid recurrence of the incidence rather the blaming Bruce for the whole incidence. This would save them potential customer and employee loss. According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs, the ideal workplace should provide an individual with the opportunity to advance, in their career in relation to levels four and 5 of his theory. Ambrose hotel was instead curtailing Bruce from advancement through overworking him and withholding the promised sponsorship.